1. What is a Codec? The Mechanism of Audio Data Compression

What is a Codec: Its Role and Background

A codec refers to software or hardware that performs “compression and decompression” of data, primarily used for handling audio and video files. Its main role is to efficiently compress (encode) data and restore it to its original form (decode) during playback. Since digital audio and video data tend to be large in size, handling them directly increases storage load and reduces transfer speed. By using codecs, data can be transmitted efficiently while maintaining high sound and image quality.

Basic Knowledge of Encoding and Decoding

Encoding is the process of compressing digital audio or video data into a more manageable form for storage or transmission. Decoding, on the other hand, restores the compressed data for playback. Through these two processes, we can enjoy high-quality music and video efficiently. In the case of audio, codec type and performance affect both sound quality and transmission delay, making them key factors when choosing high-quality earphones.

Main Types and Features of Audio Codecs

There are several types of audio codecs, each with different characteristics and uses. For example, “SBC” is a standard codec commonly used for Bluetooth, offering broad compatibility. “AAC,” which is mainstream among Apple devices, is known for its good sound quality and power efficiency. High-quality codecs such as “aptX” and “LDAC” are designed for users who seek richer audio performance. Understanding these differences helps you choose the codec that best suits your playback environment.

Choosing the Optimal Codec for High-Quality Sound

When pursuing high-quality sound, it’s important to select the appropriate codec based on your purpose and environment. For example, if you want to enjoy hi-res music, choose earphones that support high-quality codecs such as “LDAC” or “aptX HD.” For Apple users, “AAC” is optimal. Also, make sure both your playback device and earphones support the same codec, as compatibility is essential. When choosing a codec, consider not only sound quality but also latency and usability.

2. Basics of High-Quality Earphones: Factors that Affect Sound Quality

Driver Structures and the Difference in High-End Earphones

The sound quality of earphones largely depends on the performance of the “drivers,” the components that produce sound. There are several driver types—dynamic, balanced armature (BA), and hybrid—each with unique characteristics. High-end earphones often combine multiple drivers to reproduce a wide range of frequencies with precision and depth, delivering detailed and immersive sound.

How Materials and Design Affect Sound

The materials used in earphone housings, cables, and filters greatly influence sound quality. Materials such as aluminum, stainless steel, and resin have distinct vibration properties that affect resonance and sound spread. In addition, internal design precision and driver placement are crucial for clarity. Well-designed earphones minimize unwanted resonance, resulting in clearer playback—an important aspect of modern high-fidelity audio.

The Evolution of Wireless Audio

Advances in technology have greatly improved wireless earphone sound quality. In the past, audio compression led to significant sound degradation in wireless audio, but modern Bluetooth codecs allow for high-quality transmission. Codecs such as aptX and LDAC efficiently compress data while minimizing sound loss, enabling a high-quality wireless listening experience.

The Importance of Compatibility with Playback Devices

The performance of high-quality earphones also depends on their playback devices. The codec used in the signal transmission affects sound quality. Additionally, whether your playback device supports Hi-Res audio can make a big difference. Ensuring device compatibility allows both components to perform at their best, leading to an optimal listening experience.

The Relationship Between Hi-Res Audio and Sound Quality

Hi-Res earphones can reproduce high-resolution audio that exceeds CD quality, preserving subtle sound nuances. They support a wide frequency range, enabling a more lifelike sound experience. The codec also plays an important role here—pairing Hi-Res earphones with codecs such as LDAC or aptX HD offers the best digital listening experience.

3. Types and Features of Bluetooth Codecs

SBC: The Basic Codec

SBC (Subband Codec) is the standard audio codec for Bluetooth’s A2DP profile. It’s an older technology but highly compatible across all Bluetooth devices. However, it has limitations for those seeking higher sound quality, as some audio data is lost during compression. Still, its simplicity and universality make it suitable for everyday use.

AAC: The Mainstream Codec for Apple Devices

AAC (Advanced Audio Codec) is mainly used by Apple products. Optimized for iOS and macOS, it provides better sound quality than SBC with efficient compression. However, performance on Android devices may vary, as it depends on hardware and playback environment. Within the Apple ecosystem, AAC is an excellent choice.

aptX, aptX HD, aptX Adaptive: Qualcomm’s Advanced Technologies

The aptX series by Qualcomm offers a range of codecs designed for superior audio. The standard aptX provides better compression and sound quality than SBC. aptX HD supports high-resolution audio for premium playback. aptX Adaptive intelligently balances sound quality and stability by adjusting the bitrate automatically depending on conditions, offering near-wired quality even over Bluetooth.

LDAC: High-Resolution Audio Codec

LDAC, developed by Sony, supports Hi-Res audio up to 96kHz/24bit and offers bitrates up to 990kbps, delivering near-wired audio quality. Both the sending and receiving devices must support LDAC for it to work. While high bitrate improves quality, it may also affect connection stability. For music enthusiasts, LDAC is one of the best choices for Bluetooth audio.

LC3: The Next-Generation Codec for Bluetooth LE Audio

LC3 (Low Complexity Communication Codec) is the new standard for Bluetooth LE Audio. It delivers significantly better sound quality than the older SBC while using less data, reducing battery consumption. LC3 also achieves low latency, making it ideal for watching videos or playing games. It’s expected to become the foundation of future wireless audio experiences.

4. How to Make the Most of High-Quality Sound

Points to Consider When Choosing Earphones

Choosing the right earphones is crucial for a high-quality listening experience. Start by identifying your purpose and music preferences. For instance, classical music lovers may prioritize clarity and detail, while fans of pop or rock may prefer stronger bass. Consider the driver type (dynamic, balanced armature, etc.) and the sound characteristics that suit your taste. Also, check if your earphones support Bluetooth codecs or Hi-Res audio formats.

Checklist for the Latest Codec-Compatible Products

In addition to the quality of your earphones and playback device, the quality of your audio files also matters. To achieve high-quality sound, use Hi-Res or lossless audio files whenever possible. Low-bitrate formats like MP3 may not fully showcase your earphones’ potential. When using streaming services, choose the highest available sound quality setting for the best results.

Considering Not Only Sound Quality But Also Convenience

When choosing earphones, it’s also important to consider usability. Comfort for long-term use, battery life, and water resistance contribute to a better everyday experience. Connection stability and features like noise cancellation or microphone performance are also worth evaluating. Balancing sound quality with convenience helps you create the best digital audio setup for your lifestyle.

5. Summary

In this article, we explained what “codec” means. Although it’s a technical topic, understanding codecs can help you find better audio products. High-end earphones and speakers often list the codecs they support—so use this guide to make more informed choices when shopping.